How does epigenetics affect human development?



Early experiences can have lifetime consequences, according to epigenetics. Children inherit information from their biological parents in the form of genes that control their development. For instance, how tall they might grow or what kind of temperament they might have.

According to new research, environmental factors might alter whether and how genes are expressed. Early experiences, scientists have discovered, can influence how genes are turned on and off, as well as whether they are expressed at all. As a result, the notion that genes are "fixed in stone" or that they alone determine development has been debunked. It's no longer a question of nature versus. nurture—almost it's always both!

During development, chemical markers collect on the DNA that makes up our genes, determining how much or little of the genes is expressed. The "epigenome" is a collection of chemical signatures. Chemical markers are rearranged as a result of the many experiences that youngsters have. This helps to explain why genetically identical twins can have such disparities in their behaviours, talents, health, and academic achievement.

Although children inherit roughly 23,000 genes from their parents, not every gene functions as intended. Genes are left with a chemical "signature" that dictates if and how they are expressed. The epigenome refers to all of these markers taken together.

The fact that genes can be altered in response to toxic stress, poor nutrition, and other negative effects emphasises the need of providing supportive and nurturing experiences for young children during their formative years, when brain development is at its peak. To maximise the return on future efforts in education, health, and workforce development, it is in society's interest to build the foundations of healthy brain architecture in all early children. 

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